It is the invention of electricity that changed human civilization. The first innovation was the wheel, the second innovation was electricity, the third innovation was telecommunications, and the fourth innovation was the computer. We will discuss basic introduction to electricity. Every substance in this universe is made up of many atoms and each atom has the same number of negative electrons and positive protons.

As a conclusion , we can say that each one neutral substance has the same number of electrons and protons in it.Protons are neutral and are strongly bound to the nucleus of atoms. Electrons are also bound to atoms and orbit the nucleus at different levels. But some electrons can move freely or be thrown out of their orbits due to external influences. These free as well as loosely bound electrons cause electricity.

In a neutral state, any substance has the same number of (electrons) and (protons). But if the number of electrons in a substance exceeds the number of protons, the substance becomes negatively charged because each electron has a negative net charge. If the number of electrons in a substance is less than the number of protons, then the substance is positively charged.

Free electron thinking always tries to be homogeneous. This is the only cause of electricity. Let’s explain in detail. If two differently charged conducting bodies come together, electrons from the body of higher electron concentration will transfer to the body of lower electron concentration maintaining the electron concentration of both bodies.This change of charge (as electrons are charged particles) is electricity.

Here some related terms are given below:

(A) The Electric Charge:

As we mentioned earlier that a neutral body has number of electrons and number of protons (=). In a neutral body, the amount of negative charge and positive charge are also equal because an electron and a proton have statistically equal electric charge but opposite polarity. But for any reason, the balance of the number of electrons and protons in the body is divided and the body becomes electrically charged. If there are more electrons than protons, the body becomes negatively charged and the total amount of charge depends on the number of extra electrons in the body.over here the number of electrons is less than that of protons. The positive of a body depends on the difference between protons and electrons in the body.

(B) The Electric Current:

It is the part of electricity when the charge flows from one point to another to have a uniform charge distribution, the rate at which the charge is flowing is called electric current. This rate depends mainly on the difference between the charged states of the two points and the states of the path through which the charge is flowing. The unit of electric current is ampere and it is nothing but coulomb per second.

(C) The Electric Field:

It is the part of electricity when the charge flows from one point to another to have a uniform charge distribution, the rate at which the charge is flowing is called electric current. This rate depends mainly on the difference between the charged states of the two points and the states of the path through which the charge is flowing. The unit of electric current is ampere and it is nothing but coulomb per second.

How is Electricity Generated daily:

Electromechanical Process:

When a conductor moves in a magnetic field and the conductor intersects the field flux lines, an electric current is produced in the conductor. All electrical generators work like DC generators, alternators and all types of dynamos depending on this principle.

Electrochemical Process:

All types of batteries produce electricity by expecting chemical reactions. Here chemical energy has to be converted into electrical energy.

Solid State Electric Generation:

It is the most modern process of power generation. Here, free electrons and holes are generated at the PN junction and the distribution of charge carriers in the PN junction becomes unbalanced when the junction is exposed to light. These free electrons and their unbalanced distribution across the holes and junctions generate electricity in the external circuit. PV solar cells work on this principle.

The Types of Electricity:

(1):It is always changing when electricity is generated or forms the armature of the generator. This means that the polarity of electricity changes periodically. In DC generators the current generated in the armature is rectified in and out of the commutator. In alternators, the AC generated in the armature is supplied to the external circuit through slip rings.

(2) A good idea is that when electricity does not change its direction, it is called DC electricity. Batteries and solar cells generate DC electricity.

The Generation Transmission and Distribution of Electricity:

After the electricity is generated in the electric power plant, it receives a step-up transformer for transmission purpose. Power generation at low voltage levels is practical and economical. But low voltage transmission is not economical. But for electrical transmission, the generated power is first stepped up, and then after transmission it is stepped down by step-down transformers for the purpose of power distribution.

Power generation, power transmission and power distribution are usually done with a three-phase system. Very ultra-high voltage AC transmission is not always reasonable and therefore DC transmission sometimes has to be used. A domestic supply system may be single phase AC but all commercial, industrial and large house supplies are three phase systems.