Electrolysis is an Electrochemical process in which current flows from one (electrode) to another in an ionized solution that is an electrolyte. In this method, positive ions or cations come to the negative electrode or cathode and negative ions or anions come to the positive electrode or anode.

The Principle of (Electrolysis):

As you know that the In ionic bonds, one atom be deprived of its valence electrons and another atom come by electrons. As a result, one atom look good on positively charged ion and a further atom becomes a negative ion.Due to opposing charge both the attract each other and is to form a bonding between them called the ionic bond.

the force acting between the ions is Coulombic force which is inversely proportional to thedielectric constan of the medium. The relative permittivity of water is 80 at 20oC.
So, when any ionic bonded chemical is go into solution in water, the bonding strength between ions becomes much feeble and in consequence its molecules split into cations and anions in motion freely in the solution.

Now we will submerge two metal rods in the mixture and we will apply an electrical potential difference between the rods ostensibly by a battery.

These partly submerge rods are technically mention as electrodes. The electrode attach with negative terminal of the battery is known as cathode and the electrode connected with positive terminal of the battery is known as anode.
The voluntarily moving positively charged cations are to attracted by cathode and negatively charged anions are attracted by anode.As you know In cathode, the positive cations take hold electrons from negative cathode and in anode, negative anions give electrons to the positive anode.

For continually taking and giving electrons in cathode and anode fittingly there must be flow of electrons in the external circuit of the electrolytic. That means, current continues to move round around the closed loop generate by battery, electrolytic and electrodes. This is the nearly all basic principle of electrolysis.

The Electrolysis of Copper Sulfate:

Whenever copper sulfate or CuSO4 is added to water, it dissolves in water. Since CuSO4 is an electrolyte, it dissociates into Cu++ (cation) and SO4 − − (anion) ions and moves freely in solution.,

Now in this way we will immerse two copper electrodes in that solution.

Cu++ ions (cation) will be attracted to the cathode ie the electrode connected to the negative terminal of the battery. On reaching the cathode, each Cu++ ion will take an electron from it and become a neutral copper atom.

likewise, the SO4 − − (anion) ions will be captivate to the anode, the electrode connected to the positive terminal of the battery. SO4 − − ions will as a result move to the anode where they will give up two electrons to form SO4 radicals.

But since SO4 radical can not be living in the electrical neutral state, it will begin an assault copper anode and will form copper sulfate.

After picking up electrons, neutral copper atoms accumulate at the cathode. At the same time, SO4 reacts with the copper anode to form CuSO4 but cannot exist as a single molecule in water, instead CuSO4 will dissociate into Cu++, SO4 − − and water. I will dissolve.It can for some reason be concluded that, during the electrolysis of copper sulfate with a copper electrode, copper gather at the cathode and an equal amount of copper is removed from the anode.

If, throughout the time of
the electrolysis of copper sulfate, we use carbon electrodes instead of copper or other metal electrodes, the electrolysis reaction will be slightly different.

Actually SO4 cannot react with carbon and in that case SO4 will react with water in solution to form sulfuric acid and liberate oxygen.